What’s the Difference Between Grade 304 and 304L Stainless Steel?
Stainless Steel Material
Properties
The stainless steel market
has a wide variety of grades and varieties available, but they all share common
qualities such as corrosion resistance, strength, and elasticity. Each grade
has a varying degree of these characteristics, but they all share these characteristics
to a significant degree. It is generally accepted that stainless steel material
properties are generally better in terms of corrosion resistance, ductility,
strength, tensile strength, as well as cryogenic and heat toughness than
standard steel.
As a result of these
admirable properties of stainless steel, it is suitable for multiple
applications across a variety of different industries in the manufacturing
industry. However, each of these grades boasts its own unique degree of these
properties, which therefore makes it suitable for applications in different
fields.
With its excellent
hardness, ease of maintenance, and corrosion resistance capabilities, the 300
series stainless steel is known as an austenitic steel. This stainless steel is
also a popular choice for use in a wide variety of applications.
As a result of these
advantages, the 300 series has become one of the most widely used and well
recognized alloys in the automotive, construction, and aerospace industries.
The 300 series is made from 304 alloy, which is one of the most corrosion
resistant alloys on earth.
The Mechanical Properties
of stainless steel and their differences
Among the other
differences between grade 304 stainless steel material and its variant, grade
304L, a key difference is their mechanical properties. Grade 304L has a slight,
but significant, reduction in important mechanical performance characteristics
when compared to the “standard” grade 304 stainless steel material.
304L stainless steel has
an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 85 ksi (approximately 586 MPa), less than
the UTS of standard grade 304 stainless steel, which is 90 ksi (approximately
620 MPa). As shown in the table above, there is a slight difference in the
yield strength of one of these materials over another, with 304 stainless steel
having a yield strength of 42 ksi (289 MPa), and 304L having a yield strength
of 35 ksi (241 MPa).
The result is that if you
were to compare two steel wire baskets with the identical design, wire
thickness, and construction, it would be safe to say that the basket made from
304L stainless steel would be structurally less reliable than the basket made
from 304 stainless steel. However, the density of 304 steel is the same as the
density of 304L.
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