What’s the Difference Between Grade 304 and 304L Stainless Steel?

 

Stainless Steel Material Properties

The stainless steel market has a wide variety of grades and varieties available, but they all share common qualities such as corrosion resistance, strength, and elasticity. Each grade has a varying degree of these characteristics, but they all share these characteristics to a significant degree. It is generally accepted that stainless steel material properties are generally better in terms of corrosion resistance, ductility, strength, tensile strength, as well as cryogenic and heat toughness than standard steel.

As a result of these admirable properties of stainless steel, it is suitable for multiple applications across a variety of different industries in the manufacturing industry. However, each of these grades boasts its own unique degree of these properties, which therefore makes it suitable for applications in different fields.

With its excellent hardness, ease of maintenance, and corrosion resistance capabilities, the 300 series stainless steel is known as an austenitic steel. This stainless steel is also a popular choice for use in a wide variety of applications. 

As a result of these advantages, the 300 series has become one of the most widely used and well recognized alloys in the automotive, construction, and aerospace industries. The 300 series is made from 304 alloy, which is one of the most corrosion resistant alloys on earth. 

The Mechanical Properties of stainless steel and their differences

Among the other differences between grade 304 stainless steel material and its variant, grade 304L, a key difference is their mechanical properties. Grade 304L has a slight, but significant, reduction in important mechanical performance characteristics when compared to the “standard” grade 304 stainless steel material.

304L stainless steel has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 85 ksi (approximately 586 MPa), less than the UTS of standard grade 304 stainless steel, which is 90 ksi (approximately 620 MPa). As shown in the table above, there is a slight difference in the yield strength of one of these materials over another, with 304 stainless steel having a yield strength of 42 ksi (289 MPa), and 304L having a yield strength of 35 ksi (241 MPa).

The result is that if you were to compare two steel wire baskets with the identical design, wire thickness, and construction, it would be safe to say that the basket made from 304L stainless steel would be structurally less reliable than the basket made from 304 stainless steel. However, the density of 304 steel is the same as the density of 304L.

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